Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza i-cryogenic Baqala ukusungulwa ngawo-1950. Enqubweni yokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokuhlanza i-cryogenic, idlule ezikhathini ezintathu ezibalulekile. Landela lesi sihloko ukuze uthole ukuqonda okuphelele.
(1) Umshini wokuqala wokuhlanza i-cryogenic
Isigubhu esiqandisiwe sisetshenziswa njengesitsha sokusebenza somphetho oqandisiwe, kanti iqhwa elomile likhethwa ekuqaleni njengesiqandisi. Izingxenye ezizolungiswa zifakwa esigubhuni, mhlawumbe ngokufakwa kweminye imithombo yokusebenza ephikisanayo. Izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwesigubhu lilawulwa ukuze lifinyelele esimweni lapho imiphetho iphuka khona kuyilapho umkhiqizo ngokwawo ungathinteki. Ukuze kufezwe lo mgomo, ubukhulu bemiphetho kufanele bube ngu-≤0.15mm. Isigubhu siyingxenye eyinhloko yemishini futhi sinomumo we-octagonal. Isihluthulelo ukulawula indawo yokushayisana kwemidiya ekhishwe, okuvumela ukuthi ukujikeleza kwegazi kwenzeke ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Isigubhu sijikeleza ngokungahambisani newashi ukuze sigobe, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, imiphetho ye-flash iba buthakathaka futhi inqubo yokugoba iqediwe. Iphutha lomphetho oqandisiwe wesizukulwane sokuqala ukugoba okungaphelele, ikakhulukazi imiphetho ye-flash esele emaphethelweni omugqa wokuhlukana. Lokhu kubangelwa ukwakheka okunganele kwesikhunta noma ukujiya ngokweqile kwengqimba yerabha emgqeni wokuhlukana (okungaphezu kuka-0.2mm).
（2）Umshini wesibili wokuhlanza i-cryogenic
Umshini wesibili wokuhlanza i-cryogenic wenze intuthuko ezintathu ngokusekelwe esizukulwaneni sokuqala. Okokuqala, i-refrigerant ishintshwa ibe yi-nitrogen ewuketshezi. Iqhwa elomile, elinephuzu lokunciphisa umswakama elingu--78.5°C, alifaneleki kwezinye irabha ezithambile ezishisayo eziphansi, njengerabha ye-silicone. I-nitrogen ewuketshezi, enephuzu lokubila elingu--195.8°C, ifanele zonke izinhlobo zerabha. Okwesibili, kwenziwe intuthuko esitsheni esibamba izingxenye okufanele zinqunywe. Ishintshwa kusuka kusigubhu esijikelezayo kuya ebhandeni lokuhambisa elinomumo womsele njengesithwali. Lokhu kuvumela izingxenye ukuthi ziwele emgodini, kunciphisa kakhulu ukuvela kwamabala afile. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukunemba kokugoba. Okwesithathu, esikhundleni sokuthembela kuphela ekushayisaneni phakathi kwezingxenye ukuze kususwe imiphetho ye-flash, kungeniswa imidiya yokuqhumisa ecolekile. Ama-pellet ensimbi noma epulasitiki aqinile anosayizi wezinhlayiya ongu-0.5~2mm adutshulwe ebusweni bezingxenye ngesivinini esiqondile esingu-2555m/s, okudala amandla amakhulu okushaya. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi somjikelezo.
（3）Umshini wesithathu wokuhlanza i-cryogenic
Umshini wesithathu wokukhipha ugesi obizwa ngokuthi i-cryogenic deflashing uwukuthuthukiswa okusekelwe esizukulwaneni sesibili. Isitsha sezingxenye ezizosikwa sishintshwa sibe yibhasikidi lezingxenye elinezindonga ezinezimbobo. Lezi zimbobo zimboza izindonga zebhasikidi ngobubanzi obungaba ngu-5mm (obukhulu kunobubanzi beziqongo) ukuvumela iziqongo ukuthi zidlule ezimbobeni kahle bese ziwela phezulu kwemishini ukuze ziphinde zisetshenziswe. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokwandisa amandla asebenzayo esitsheni kodwa futhi kunciphisa umthamo wokugcina wemidiya yokuthinta (iziqongo). Ibhasikidi lezingxenye alibekwanga ngokuqondile emshinini wokusika, kodwa linomthambekela othile (40°~60°). Le engela yokuthambekela ibangela ukuthi ibhasikidi liphenduke ngamandla ngesikhathi senqubo yokugoba ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwamandla amabili: elinye amandla okujikeleza anikezwa yibhasikidi ngokwalo eliwela phansi, kanti elinye amandla e-centrifugal akhiqizwa umthambekela wokuqopha. Lapho la mandla amabili ehlanganiswa, kwenzeka ukunyakaza okungu-360° okuqondiswe kuyo yonke indawo, okuvumela izingxenye ukuthi zisuse imiphetho ye-flash ngokulinganayo nangokuphelele kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-08-2023
